Kejadian 14:2

14:2 went to war ¹  against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar). ² 

Kejadian 13:10

13:10 Lot looked up and saw ³  the whole region ⁴  of the Jordan. He noticed ⁵  that all of it was well-watered (before the Lord obliterated ⁶  Sodom and Gomorrah) ⁷  like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, ⁸  all the way to Zoar.

Kejadian 19:20

19:20 Look, this town ⁹  over here is close enough to escape to, and it’s just a little one. ¹⁰  Let me go there. ¹¹  It’s just a little place, isn’t it? ¹²  Then I’ll survive.” ¹³ 

Kejadian 19:22

19:22 Run there quickly, ¹⁴  for I cannot do anything until you arrive there.” (This incident explains why the town was called Zoar.) ¹⁵ 

[14:2]  ¹ tn Heb “made war.”

[14:2]  sn Went to war. The conflict here reflects international warfare in the Early and Middle Bronze periods. The countries operated with overlords and vassals. Kings ruled over city states, or sometimes a number of city states (i.e., nations). Due to their treaties, when one went to war, those confederate with him joined him in battle. It appears here that it is Kedorlaomer’s war, because the western city states have rebelled against him (meaning they did not send products as tribute to keep him from invading them).

[14:2]  ² sn On the geographical background of vv. 1-2 see J. P. Harland, “Sodom and Gomorrah,” The Biblical Archaeologist Reader, 1:41-75; and D. N. Freedman, “The Real Story of the Ebla Tablets, Ebla and the Cities of the Plain,” BA 41 (1978): 143-64.

[13:10]  ³ tn Heb “lifted up his eyes and saw.” The expression draws attention to the act of looking, indicating that Lot took a good look. It also calls attention to the importance of what was seen.

[13:10]  ⁴ tn Or “plain”; Heb “circle.”

[13:10]  ⁵ tn The words “he noticed” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[13:10]  ⁶ sn Obliterated. The use of the term “destroy” (שַׁחֵת, shakhet) is reminiscent of the Noahic flood (Gen 6:13). Both at the flood and in Sodom the place was obliterated by catastrophe and only one family survived (see C. Westermann, Genesis, 2:178).

[13:10]  ⁷ tn This short temporal clause (preposition + Piel infinitive construct + subjective genitive + direct object) is strategically placed in the middle of the lavish descriptions to sound an ominous note. The entire clause is parenthetical in nature. Most English translations place the clause at the end of v. 10 for stylistic reasons.

[13:10]  ⁸ sn The narrative places emphasis on what Lot saw so that the reader can appreciate how it aroused his desire for the best land. It makes allusion to the garden of the Lord and to the land of Egypt for comparison. Just as the tree in the garden of Eden had awakened Eve’s desire, so the fertile valley attracted Lot. And just as certain memories of Egypt would cause the Israelites to want to turn back and abandon the trek to the promised land, so Lot headed for the good life.

[19:20]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew word עִיר (’ir) can refer to either a city or a town, depending on the size of the place. Given that this place was described by Lot later in this verse as a “little place,” the translation uses “town.”

[19:20]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “Look, this town is near to flee to there. And it is little.”

[19:20]  ¹¹ tn Heb “Let me escape to there.” The cohortative here expresses Lot’s request.

[19:20]  ¹² tn Heb “Is it not little?”

[19:20]  ¹³ tn Heb “my soul will live.” After the cohortative the jussive with vav conjunctive here indicates purpose/result.

[19:22]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “Be quick! Escape to there!” The two imperatives form a verbal hendiadys, the first becoming adverbial.

[19:22]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “Therefore the name of the city is called Zoar.” The name of the place, צוֹעַר (tso’ar) apparently means “Little Place,” in light of the wordplay with the term “little” (מִצְעָר, mits’ar) used twice by Lot to describe the town (v. 20).